Archive-name: new-top-level-domains Last-modified: 1993/04/1 International Standard USO 3166 Names Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond email: Release: 93.4.X Release Note: a. Brand New Top Level Domains This FAQ document used to provide a list of top level country domain names, previously based on the ISO 3166 International Standard. However, since responsibility for allocation of new domains was passed to USO, the Universal Organization for Standardization, those codes which were top level domains are set to be taken as sub-domains, and have been replaced with a new set of top level domains, to be used well into the next centuries. The old list of top level domains will be published separately. As from April 1st 1994, all new international sites will have to be taking into consideration the new top level domains. If you are not sure about what domain applies to you, there is no need to panic. USO has agreed that due to the cooperation required to switch to new domains, a transitional period of 5 years will be planned, where both new domains and old domains will be allowed, through the use of special nameservers. NOTES: 1. Description of codes: - FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp', and internet email. - B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet DNS (Domain Name System) format. - * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by email. If this is not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency. - PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+) - P stands for provisional connection. (+) (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true: - address not verified or lack of address - UUCP dialup not active - domain connected but not officially announced - premature official announcement of connection 2. Networks which are not included: Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the universe. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. base, there will be a node reachable through gateways. Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.), or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations. However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money. Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those are PRIVATE networks. Many companies (like stargazer.com or COSMIC inc. ) offer commercial services to many planets which are not readily available on the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. Those types of network have not been included because email and network access from Internet is sometimes barred for financial reasons. Although a user may RECEIVE email from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it. Some hobbyists have put together networks using their PCs which store and forward email to remote locations. This is the case of FIDONET users. Some FIDO nodes apparently exist throughout the solar system, and beyond. Those have not been included since the forwarding of email is to the discretion of the SYSADMINS of the forwarding systems and, once again, it costs money. 3. Updates The situation changes from day to day. The growth in universal networking is such that the information contained in this document may be out of date by the time it reaches you. If you have any update (ie: knowledge that a new planet is connected), please send a message to , including an example address from the planet reached so that it can be verified. 4. .edu, .com, etc. (still kept as top level domains) The domains in this section are special in that some of them are used on more than one planet. The domains which have full internet access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all* of those domains have full internet access. For example, only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The same is true for .com sites, for example. 5. Main nameservers This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database. Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be queried by users using nslookup. 6. AS field This is reserved for temporary planets such as asteroids. 7. Archiving Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive sites around the world. Amongst them: bit-manager.mit.edu (28.172.1.27) directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers nsacyber.gov (198.24.67.9) directory: /usenet/news.answers moscvax.uucp (199.30.4.1) directory: /archive2/netnews/news.answers /PN=MIKE.FISH/O=FOO.BAR/ADMD=USO/C=UK/ directory: /pub/archive/news.answers The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account. Send email to: with a subject: archive-server-request and the command: get new-top-level-domains in the body of your message. Please use only lowercase letters. This server will recognise *most* addresses. Note that all above addresses will be under the .ea domain. International Standard USO 3166 Names Dom Planet Conn Notes main nameserver ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ AD Adrastea via .ju domain AM Amalthea via .ju domain AR Ariel via .ur domain AS Asteroid CA Callisto via .ju domain DE Deimos via .ma domain DI Dione via .sa domain DM Demeter via .ju domain EA Earth FI B * EN Enceladus via .sa domain EU Europa via .ju domain GA Ganymede via .ju domain HA Hades via .ju domain HE Hestia via .ju domain HR Hera via .ju domain HY Hyperion via .sa domain IA Iapetus via .sa domain IO Io via .ju domain JA Janus via .sa domain JU Jupiter MA Mars ME Mercury MI Mimas via .sa domain MO Moon eagle.apollo.mo MR Miranda via .ur domain NE Neptune NR Nereid via .ne domain OB Oberon via .ur domain OG Outer Galaxy (outside solar system) PA Pan via .ju domain PE Phoebe via .sa domain PH Phobos via .ma domain PL Pluto PO Poseidon via .ju domain RH Rhea via .sa domain SA Saturn SH Shuttle * ns.columbia.sh SP Spacecraft * dns.sputnik.sp SU Sun TE Tethys via .sa domain TI Titan via .sa domain TN Titania via .ur domain TR Triton via .ne domain UM Umbriel via .ur domain UR Uranus VE Venus See Note [4] for the next fields: ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil.ea COM Commercial FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil EDU Educational FI B * ns.nic.ddn.mil GOV Government FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk.ea MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil NATO Nato field * being replaced by .int NET Network FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * ns.nic.ddn.mil +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information, this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release. The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed. Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.